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??????
- ↑ "Malaria Ontology".
- ↑ ??? ??? ??: Medical Subject Headings. MeSH descriptor ID: D000900. ?????? ????: ?? ???? ????. ??? ???: ??????? ???. ??????: United States National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ "Antibiotics". NHS. 5 June 2014. ????? ??? ?? the original on 18 January 2015. ?????? ?? 17 January 2015.
{{cite web}}
: ? ?????? ???????: ? ?? ???? ?? ??????????? (link) - ↑ "Factsheet for experts". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. ????? ??? ?? the original on 21 December 2014. ?????? ?? 21 December 2014.
- ↑ For example, metronidazole: "Metronidazole". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. ?????? ?? 31 July 2015.
- ↑ Chemical Analysis of Antibiotic Residues in Food. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2012. pp. 1–60. ISBN 978-1-4496-1459-1.
- ↑ "Why antibiotics can't be used to treat your cold or flu". www.health.qld.gov.au (in ?????????? ???????). 2025-08-05. ?????? ?? 2025-08-05.
- ↑ "General Background: Antibiotic Agents". Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics. ????? ??? ?? the original on 14 December 2014. ?????? ?? 21 December 2014.
- ↑ Gould, Kate (2025-08-05). "Antibiotics: from prehistory to the present day". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 71 (3): 572–575. doi:10.1093/jac/dkv484. ISSN 0305-7453. PMID 26851273.
- ↑ Brooks M (16 November 2015). "Public Confused About Antibiotic Resistance, WHO Says". Medscape Multispeciality. ?????? ?? 21 November 2015.
- ↑ Gould K (March 2016). "Antibiotics: from prehistory to the present day". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 71 (3): 572–5. doi:10.1093/jac/dkv484. PMID 26851273.
- ↑ Gualerzi CO, Brandi L, Fabbretti A, Pon CL (4 December 2013). Antibiotics: Targets, Mechanisms and Resistance. John Wiley & Sons. p. 1. ISBN 978-3-527-33305-9.
- ↑ Laxminarayan R, Duse A, Wattal C, Zaidi AK, Wertheim HF, Sumpradit N, et al. (December 2013). "Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 13 (12): 1057–98. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70318-9. hdl:10161/8996. PMID 24252483.
- ↑ Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance (PDF). The World Health Organization. April 2014. ISBN 978-92-4-156474-8. ?????? ?? 13 June 2016.
- ↑ Murray, Christopher JL; Ikuta, Kevin Shunji; Sharara, Fablina; Swetschinski, Lucien; Aguilar, Gisela Robles; Gray, Authia; Han, Chieh; Bisignano, Catherine; Rao, Puja; Wool, Eve; Johnson, Sarah C. (2025-08-05). "Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis". The Lancet (in English). 399 (10325): 629–655. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 8841637. PMID 35065702.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Saxena S (2015). "Chapter 8: Microbes in Production of Fine Chemicals (Antibiotics, Drugs, Vitamins, and Amino Acids)". Applied Microbiology. Springer India. pp. 83–120. doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2259-0. ISBN 978-81-322-2258-3. S2CID 36527513.
- ↑ Foster W, Raoult A (December 1974). "Early descriptions of antibiosis". The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 24 (149): 889–94. PMC 2157443. PMID 4618289.
- ↑ Saxena S (2015). "Chapter 8: Microbes in Production of Fine Chemicals (Antibiotics, Drugs, Vitamins, and Amino Acids)". Applied Microbiology. Springer India. pp. 83–120. doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2259-0. ISBN 978-81-322-2258-3. S2CID 36527513.
- ↑ Landsberg H (1949). "Prelude to the discovery of penicillin". Isis. 40 (3): 225–7. doi:10.1086/349043. S2CID 143223535.
- ↑ Waksman SA (1947). "What is an antibiotic or an antibiotic substance?". Mycologia. 39 (5): 565–9. doi:10.1080/00275514.1947.12017635. PMID 20264541.
- ↑ Saxena S (2015). "Chapter 8: Microbes in Production of Fine Chemicals (Antibiotics, Drugs, Vitamins, and Amino Acids)". Applied Microbiology. Springer India. pp. 83–120. doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2259-0. ISBN 978-81-322-2258-3. S2CID 36527513.
- ↑ Scholar EM, Pratt WB (2000). The Antimicrobial Drugs. Oxford University Press, US. pp. 3. ISBN 978-0-19-512529-0.
- ↑ Davies J, Davies D (September 2010). "Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 74 (3): 417–33. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00016-10. PMC 2937522. PMID 20805405.
- ↑ Liddell HG, Scott R (eds.). "βιωτικ??". A Greek-English Lexicon – via Perseus Project.
- ↑ Liddell HG, Scott R (eds.). "β?ωσι?". A Greek-English Lexicon – via Perseus Project.
- ↑ Liddell HG, Scott R (eds.). "β?ο?". A Greek-English Lexicon – via Perseus Project.
- ↑ Liddell HG, Scott R (eds.). "?ντ?". A Greek-English Lexicon – via Perseus Project.
- ↑ Liddell HG, Scott R (eds.). "βακτηρ?α". A Greek-English Lexicon – via Perseus Project.
- ↑ Antibiotics Simplified. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2011. pp. 15–17. ISBN 978-1-4496-1459-1.
- ↑ Leekha S, Terrell CL, Edson RS (February 2011). "General principles of antimicrobial therapy". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 86 (2): 156–67. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0639. PMC 3031442. PMID 21282489.
- ↑ Rollins KE, Varadhan KK, Neal KR, Lobo DN (October 2016). "Antibiotics Versus Appendicectomy for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials". World Journal of Surgery. 40 (10): 2305–18. doi:10.1007/s00268-016-3561-7. PMID 27199000. S2CID 4802473.
- ↑ Leekha S, Terrell CL, Edson RS (February 2011). "General principles of antimicrobial therapy". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 86 (2): 156–67. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0639. PMC 3031442. PMID 21282489.
- ↑ Flowers CR, Seidenfeld J, Bow EJ, Karten C, Gleason C, Hawley DK, et al. (February 2013). "Antimicrobial prophylaxis and outpatient management of fever and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 31 (6): 794–810. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.45.8661. PMID 23319691.
- ↑ Bow EJ (July 2013). "Infection in neutropenic patients with cancer". Critical Care Clinics. 29 (3): 411–41. doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2013.03.002. PMID 23830647.
- ↑ Antibiotics Simplified. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2011. pp. 15–17. ISBN 978-1-4496-1459-1.
- ↑ Sethi NJ, Safi S, Korang SK, Hróbjartsson A, Skoog M, Gluud C, Jakobsen JC, et al. (Cochrane Heart Group) (February 2021). "Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2 (5): CD003610. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003610.pub4. PMC 8094925. PMID 33704780.
- ↑ Pangilinan R, Tice A, Tillotson G (October 2009). "Topical antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: review of the literature". Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. 7 (8): 957–65. doi:10.1586/eri.09.74. PMID 19803705. S2CID 207217730.
- ↑ Heal CF, Banks JL, Lepper PD, Kontopantelis E, van Driel ML (November 2016). "Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (11): CD011426. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011426.pub2. PMC 6465080. PMID 27819748.
- ↑ Lipsky BA, Hoey C (November 2009). "Topical antimicrobial therapy for treating chronic wounds". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 49 (10): 1541–9. doi:10.1086/644732. PMID 19842981.
- ↑ Hung KK, Lam RP, Lo RS, Tenney JW, Yang ML, Tai MC, Graham CA (December 2018). "Cross-sectional study on emergency department management of sepsis". Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 24 (6): 571–578. doi:10.12809/hkmj177149. PMID 30429360.
- ↑ Leekha S, Terrell CL, Edson RS (February 2011). "General principles of antimicrobial therapy". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 86 (2): 156–67. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0639. PMC 3031442. PMID 21282489.
- ↑ "UK antibiotic consumption twice that of the Netherlands, WHO report finds". Pharmaceutical Journal. 14 November 2018. ????? ??? ?? the original on 22 December 2018. ?????? ?? 22 December 2018.
- ↑ Slama TG, Amin A, Brunton SA, File TM, Milkovich G, Rodvold KA, et al. (Council for Appropriate Rational Antibiotic Therapy (CARAT)) (July 2005). "A clinician's guide to the appropriate and accurate use of antibiotics: the Council for Appropriate and Rational Antibiotic Therapy (CARAT) criteria". The American Journal of Medicine. 118 (7A): 1S–6S. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.05.007. PMID 15993671.
- ↑ "Antibiotics – Side effects". NHS Choices. National Health Service (NHS), UK. 6 May 2014. ????? ??? ?? the original on 7 February 2016. ?????? ?? 6 February 2016.
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: ? ?????? ???????: ? ?? ???? ?? ??????????? (link) - ↑ "Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea – All you should know". ?????? ?? 28 December 2014.
- ↑ Lewis T, Cook J (1 January 2014). "Fluoroquinolones and tendinopathy: a guide for athletes and sports clinicians and a systematic review of the literature". Journal of Athletic Training. 49 (3): 422–7. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-49.2.09. PMC 4080593. PMID 24762232.
- ↑ Rodgers B, Kirley K, Mounsey A (March 2013). "PURLs: prescribing an antibiotic? Pair it with probiotics". The Journal of Family Practice. 62 (3): 148–50. PMC 3601687. PMID 23520586.
- ↑ Marchant J (March 2018). "When antibiotics turn toxic". Nature. 555 (7697): 431–433. Bibcode:2018Natur.555..431M. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-03267-5. PMID 29565407.
- ↑ Wang X, Ryu D, Houtkooper RH, Auwerx J (October 2015). "Antibiotic use and abuse: a threat to mitochondria and chloroplasts with impact on research, health, and environment". BioEssays. 37 (10): 1045–53. doi:10.1002/bies.201500071. PMC 4698130. PMID 26347282.
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